Citric+Acid

= = =Citric acid= ==

The chemical formula is media type="custom" key="212909". It is a **naturally** found preservative in citrus fruits and is used in sodas to add a sour taste.It is also commonly found in household cleaning supplies, dietary supplements, soaps,and laundry detergents.

Citric acid is also known as hydroxypropane, tricarboxylic acid, or hydrogen citrate. The mass of one mole of citric acid is 192.027 g/mole. The density of citric acid is 1.665 g/cm³ The melting point of citric acid is 153°C. There is no determinable boiling point because citric acid decomposes at 175°C from a loss of carbon dioxide and water.

At room temperature, there is a water-free form and a monohydrate form where there is one molecule of water for every molecule of citric acid.

Some people are intolerant to citric acid, despite the normality of citric acid in most digestive systems.

The first person to separate citric acid from lemon juice was Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1784. It was industrially produced in 1860 because of the rise in the Italian citrus fruit industry.

C. Wehmer discovered in 1893 that //Penicillium// mold was able to produce citric acid from sugar. In 1917, James Currie discovered that some strains of //Apergillus Niger// produced citric acid efficiently. This technique was used industrially by Pfizer, a New York pharmaceutical company two years later. In this process, cultures of //Aspergillus Niger// are fed on sucrose to produce citric acid. The mold is filtered out of the solution and citric acid is isolated by forming a precipitate with lime (calcium hydroxide) to form calcium citrate salt. This is then treated with sulfuric acid to create the final product.
 * The production of citric acid:**

Cargill uses grain to produce citric acid, and it is also produced in refineries by using cane sugar, molasses, and dextrose.

The production of citric acid was not important until World War I after the fall of Italian citrus exports.

Citric acid is also an important chemical in the synthesis of Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine, a highly explosive organic chemical compound. It is used as a stopbath in photography to neutralize the effects of the developing chemical.

Pfi**z**er- New York City Cargill- Minnesota; Eddyville, Iowa; Uberlandia, Brazil Jungbunzlauer- Pernhofen, Austria; Port Colborne, Canada DSM- Tienen, Belgium Operated by Tate & Lyle-Selby, UK; Dayton, Ohio; Santa Rosa, Brazil; Cali, Columbia. ADM- Southport, North Carolina
 * Major Producers:**

Approved for use by the Food and Drug Administration and recognized as safe for use in food by major national and international food regulatory agencies.
 * Quality Control:**

Works Cited:

[|http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/~hmc/hsci/chemicals/citric_acid.html] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric_acid [|http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?ci] http://www.foodnavigator-usa.com/news/ng.asp?n=70332-cargill-jungbunzlauer-citric-acid http://www.mountainroseherbs.com/learn/citric-acid.php